Monday, March 18, 2024

Iris Publishers-Open access Journal of Neurology & Neuroscience | Quantum Consciousness and the Heart Based Resonant Frequencies Theory

 


Authored by Abdullah Abdulrhman Al Abdulgader*,

Resonance in Biology and Astrophysics

Resonance refers to vibration of large amplitude in electrical or mechanical system caused by a relatively small periodic stimulus of the same or nearly the same period as the natural vibration period of the system. The concept of resonance and its implementations in physiological as well as astrophysical rhythms is of critical significance for life on earth and to human consciousness experience. Common resonant frequencies are what allows different parts of the brain to achieve a phase transition in the speed and bandwidth of information flows between the constituent parts. This phase transition allows for richer varieties of consciousness to arise, with the character and content of that consciousness in each moment determined by the particular set of constituent neurons [2]. The coherence and the delicate organization of the universe is long lasting conceptual direction that affects the applied sciences and points to gigantic governor who master all things at all times. Nikola Tesla is one of the great thinkers in human history. We consider him as our father in the field who inherited to us important heritage of wisdom. An example of this wisdom is his statement “ If you want to find the secrets of the universe, think in terms of energy, frequency and vibration”. Resonance is perceived by us and others as a universal phenomenon that can be shared between all living systems including biological systems and astrophysical ecosystems in away where different systems may resonate in proximity ending up with resonating together at the same frequency, to achieve a shared resonance. Reviewing todays literature demonstrate that resonance as a phenomenon was attractive conceptual part of theories on brain dynamics and consciousness. Compelling concept which deserve full contemplation essential to preserve intellectual alignment between ecosystems is the idea that matter owns mind and certain degree of consciousness is conceivably a feature of all micro and marco creatures. At astrophysical level, the miraculous accuracy of orbiting journeys of the 125 billions galaxies and its stars and plants must have superb intelligent conscious system guiding it over the timeline of life history. At biological level the synchrony and marvelous accuracy of dynamics between human body systems in specific and the diversity of biology cannot be believed to happen without higher intelligent consciousness. What is astonishing and diving us deep in the extreme believe of the gigantic power controlling all life and universe is what we document of the delicate resonance between human heart interbeat intervals referred to as Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and the cosmos as we will discuss later in the next sections.

Human Heart: The King of Organs and its Dominance over the brain

Revolutionary paradigm has evolved in the last 30 years which has its significant impact on consciousness scientific arena .The inability to explain and match consciousness observations and the failure to reproduce the exact consciousness experience incorporating current knowledge in the field implies presence of deficient rings in the long chain that demand more comprehensive perspective. In this regard we established the King of Organs International Congress for Advanced Cardiac Sciences and held five international congresses (2006,2008,20101,2012 and 2019). The King of Organs congresses are an international collaborative efforts between international renewed scientists in cardiac sciences, psychologists, astrophysicist, mathematicians, geologists, space engineers, signal analysis specialists and other related disciplines. It is chaired by us in Prince Sultan Cardiac Center (Alhasa, Saudi Arabia). Our academic partners are the HeartMath Institute and the Global Coherence Initiative (Boulder Creek, CA, USA), American Institute of Stress (NY, USA), the Global Consciousness Project (Institute of Noetic Sciences, USA), and other western and eastern reputable universities and collaborators. Our mission is to decode the great mystery of consciousness away from the traditional neurobiological approach. Our research areas were neuroradiology, solar and geomagnetic fluctuations and how it affects human autonomic nervous system, quantum physics of the human heart and brain and other related subjects. The heart as the dominant energetic organ of the human body and the role of heart rate variability (HRV) and its orchestrating symphony in the human body and the universe were the illuminators and the distinguished new scientific arena of the King of Organs Congresses. Revolutionary paradigm of the human heart has evolved which awaken ancient wisdom believes and perspective of the human heart as king of organs and master of the human consciousness experience. Scientific discussions that has been the main theme of King of Organs International Conferences was the establishment of the magnificent non pumping functions of human heart, neurologically, biochemically, biophysically and most importantly energetically as the dominant magnetic field generator in human body. In specific, major investigative efforts has been devoted to the discovery that the heart detect stimulus before the brain, brain neural events are locked to heartbeats, Heart Beat Evoked Potentials (HBEPs) and its role in interoception and the human heart connections to the cosmic environments and the far galaxies. The amplitude of the cardiac electrical signal is about 60 times greater compared to the brain while the electromagnetic field of the heart is approximately 5000 times stronger than the brain and can be detected six feet away from the body with sensitive magnetometers [1]. There is a direct mathematical relationship between the HRV patterns, and the spectral information encoded in the magnetic field [3].

The vagal nerve is never vagal: The Afferent Cardiac Neuronal Traffic and Consciousness

The field of neuroradiology is relatively new discipline which was discussed first time in a scientific conference in King of Organs 2008, Saudi Arabia. The meticulous and sophisticated neurological afferent pathways (Figure 1) as well as energetic dominance of the heart over the brain was astonishing for the modern scientific communities.

Karl Pribram’s proposed that low frequency oscillations generated by the heart and body in the form of afferent neural hormonal and electrical patterns are the carriers of emotional information and the higher frequency oscillations found in the EEG reflect the consciousness. John and Beatrice Lacey during 1960s and 1970s created a massive drift in the modern psychophysiological arena. Heart- Brain communication science was revolutionized with their publication declaring that afferent input from the heart and cardiovascular system could significantly affect perception, cognitive functions and behavior which all reflect in conscious experience. The heart behaves as if it had a mind of its own. Laceys showed that patterns of physiological responses were affected as much by the context of a specific task and its requirements as by emotional stimuli, in clear contradiction to Cannon theory of homeostasis which claim constant internal environment, he called the milieu intérieur. Directional fractionation is a phenomenon described by Laceys which denotes paradoxical heart rate response as it decelerated and blood pressure decreased, while simultaneously recorded parameters such as, respiratory rate, pupillary dilation and skin conductance all increased as expected. Later, Velden and Wolk demonstrated cognitive performance fluctuated at a rhythm around 0.1 Hz and showed that the modulation of cortical function was via the heart’s influence due to afferent inputs on the neurons in the thalamus, which globally synchronizes cortical activity and the consciousness phenomena [1,4,5]. A critical observation here is the finding that “pattern and stability” (of the rhythm) of the heart’s afferent inputs, rather than the number of neural bursts within the cardiac cycle that will modulate thalamic activity, which in turn has global effects on brain function and ultimately the consciousness experience [1,6]. Growing body of respectful research has since been accumulating indicating that afferent information processed by the intrinsic cardiac nervous system can influence activity in the frontocortical areas and motor cortex, affecting psychological factors and the consciousness experience elements such as attention level, motivation, perceptual sensitivity, and emotional processing [1,6-8]. Astonishing fact of the vagus nerve (means the nerve with unknown role) called sometimes, the tenth cranial nerve is the fact that it has very significant afferent neurons beside its efferent neurons [1]. Around 85–90% of the fibers in the vagus nerve are afferent [9]. The majority of higher brain centers, as well as emotional experience and cognitive processes are operated by Cardiovascular related afferent neural traffic [10]. The vagus nerve carries afferent connections to the deep nuclei of the brain via the nucleus solitaries (Figure 1). Numerous brain centers including the thalamus, hypothalamus, and amygdala are connected to cardiovascular afferents. Range of frequencies of complex afferent information related to mechanical and chemical factors is continuously sent to the brain and is over time scales ranging from milliseconds to minutes [11]. Vagal afferent nerve stimulation was shown to reduces migraine and cluster headaches and to improve cognitive processing and memory [12]. These afferent connections have multiple consciousness related targets, which include the thalamus, amygdala, reticular formation, hippocampus, raphe nucleus, and the locus coeruleus. Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) will create improved global neurostimulation state leading to promoted spread of cortical signals and caused an increase of metabolic activity leading to behavioral improvement as measured with the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) scale [1,13].

The Delicate Orchestration of Cardiovascular System with the Universal Resonances; the Solar and Planetary Geomagnetic Activity

All biological systems on the planet are exposed to an external and internal environment of fluctuating invisible wide range of magnetic fields frequencies. These fields can affect virtually every cell and circuit to a greater or lesser degree. Numerous physiological rhythms have been shown to be synchronized with solar and geomagnetic activity. Geomagnetic and solar influences affect a wide range of human rhythmic systems with the nervous and cardiovascular systems, with their significant contribution to consciousness, being the most clearly impacted [14]. Sharp variations of sudden and sharp nature of geomagnetic , solar activity and its resultant geomagnetic storms can act as stressors, which has the capacity to alter body regulatory processes and rhythmic systems such as melatonin/serotonin balance, blood pressure, breathing, reproductive, immune, neurological, and cardiac system processes [15-18]. In the clinical arena significant increases in hospital admissions for depression, mental disorders psychiatric admission, homicides, suicide attempts, and traffic accidents are associated with planetary geomagnetic disturbances [19-25]. Increase incidence of myocardial infarctions, vascular variability disorders, local and global communication between humans during geomagnetic disturbances are all denotes that brain and cardiovascular systems are clear targets for the planetary geomagnetic disturbances [26-31]. Exacerbation of present disease like development of cardiac arrhythmias and epilepsy is well known during disturbed geomagnetic activity. Clinical evaluation of humans in this prosperous era of geomagnetic knowledge should be done counting at all times the fact that every cell in our body is bathed in an external and internal environment of fluctuating invisible magnetic forces that can affect virtually every cell and circuit in biological systems. Therefore, it should not be surprising that numerous physiological rhythms in humans and global collective behaviors are not only synchronized with solar and geomagnetic activity, but disruptions in these fields can create adverse effects on human health and behavior. The most likely mechanism for explaining how solar and geomagnetic influences affect human health and behavior are a coupling between the human nervous system and resonating geomagnetic frequencies called Schumann resonances, Alfven waves, and other very low frequency resonances that occur in the earth-ionosphere resonant cavity. It is well established that Shumann Resonant frequencies directly overlap with those of the human brain, and the cardiovascular and autonomic nervous systems. Low frequency magnetic oscillations, around 3 Hz, was observed to cause altered EEG rhythms with sedative effect [32]. Applying the lowest Schumann Resonance(SR) frequency of 7.8 Hz with 90 nano Tesla for 1.5 hours was found to be cardioprotective from stress conditions with reduction of the amount of CK released to the buffer, during normal conditions, hypoxic conditions and oxidative stress induced by 80 μM H2O2 [33]. Schumann resonance frequency is 7.83 hertz (Hz), with a (day/night) variation of around ±0.5 Hz. The higher frequencies are ~14, 20, 26, 33, 39 and 45 Hz, all of which closely overlay with alpha (8–12 Hz), beta (12–30 Hz) and gamma (30–100 Hz) brain waves. The delicate orchestration of this universal symphony and vibrations with the human autonomic nervous system (ANS) that interacts with cerebral cortex and control heart rhythm, respiration, digestive functions and other involuntary activities was investigated. The longest record in human history of human heart rate variability (HRV) synchronized with Solar Wind Indices, Shumann Resonances(SR) and Galactic Cosmic Rays(GCR) monitoring was achieved by our group [34]. We completed long-term study where we examined relationships between solar and magnetic factors and the time course and lags of autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses to changes in solar and geomagnetic activity. Heart rate variability (HRV) was recorded for 72 consecutive hours each week over a five-month period in 16 participants in order to examine ANS responses during normal background environmental periods. Environmental data activity across the study period are seen in Figure 2.

We were able to confirm that changes in solar and geomagnetic activity during periods of normal undisturbed activity affect daily ANS activity. ANS dynamics is known to be critical for human’s psychophysiological wellbeing [6]. In another publication, we were able to document significant correlations between the group’s HRV and solar wind speed, Kp, Ap, solar radio flux, cosmic ray counts, Schumann resonance power, and the total variations in the magnetic field [27]. This affect is initiated at different times after the changes in the various environmental factors and persist over varying time periods. Peaks of increased solar activity occurs every 10.5 to 11 years. During those peaks, the sun emits increased ultraviolet (UV) energy and solar radio flux, which is measured by the 2.8 GHz signal (F10.7) [27].

We considered Solar wind intensity as biological stressor as increase in its intensity is well correlated to increase heart rate. Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) are highly energetic particles that originate outside the solar system and are likely formed by nuclear explosive events in supernova and other mega giant galaxies. These highly energetic particles consist of fully ionized nuclei ranging from hydrogen, accounting for approximately 89% of the GCR spectrum, to trace amounts of uranium. The planetary magnetic field and the solar winds are protective for life on earth from this extremely ionized ray. The synchrony of those three critical environmental factors to the human information carrier represented by HRV is shown in Figure 3.

We documented that human HRV with its modulatory effect on the consciousness pillars through ascending neuronal input to cortical and sub cortical structures increases with rise of the three major universal vibrations that we examined: Solar Winds, Shumann Resonances(SR), and the Galactic Cosmic Rays(GCR). This complex interaction between HRV and those environmental energetic fields may contribute to the human knowdelege about the pathomechanistic effects on human psychphysiological homeostasis and the consciousness experience (Figure 3).

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The Quantum Consciousness

The idea that quantum mechanics has something to do with the workings of the mind was developed by Eugene Wigner, Hungarian- American theoretical physicist and Nobel Prize Laurete in Physics in 1963, who proposed that the wave function collapses due to its interaction with consciousness. Freeman Dyson argued that “mind, as manifested by the capacity to make choices, is to some extent inherent in every electron. David Bohm is theoretical physicists who contributed significantly to quantum theory, neuropsychology and the philosophy of mind. He stimulated new era of conceptual approach to consciousness with more fundamental level in the universe. He claimed both quantum theory and relativity pointed to this deeper theory, which he formulated as a quantum field theory. Bohm’s proposed implicate order which applies both to matter and consciousness. He suggested that it could explain the relationship between them. Bohm’s views mind and matter as projections into our explicate order from the underlying implicate order This more fundamental level was proposed to represent an undivided wholeness and an implicate order, from which arises the explicate order of the universe as we experience it. Holonomic brain theory is a branch of neuroscience investigating the idea that human consciousness is formed by quantum effects in or between brain cells. This specific theory of quantum consciousness was developed by neuroscientist Karl Pribram initially in collaboration with David Bohm. In addition to the neuroanatomical components of the human brain including the large fiber tracts in the brain, neurotransmissions also occurs in dendrites and other webs of fine fiber branche, that form webs. Due to the billions of action potentials and neural impulse formations, dynamic electrical fields will result around these dendritic trees. Those dendritic trees can affect other surrounding neurons without physical contact between them by entanglement. In this way, processing in the brain can occur in a non-localized manner. An energy-based concept of information was described by Dennis Gabor, who invented the hologram in 1947, which he described as quanta of information. Later on, he won Nobel prize in physics for this invention in 1971.Karl H. Pribram’s holonomic model of brain processing was described in his 1991 Brain and Perception book which include his perspectives on human consciousness with David Bohm. It describes human cognition by modeling the brain as a holographic storage network. Pribram suggests these processes involve electric oscillations in the brain’s dendritic networks, which are different from the more commonly known action potentials involving axons and synapses. These oscillations are waves and create wave interference patterns in which memory is encoded naturally. The waves are found to be analyzable by Fourier transform. Gabor, Pribram and others noted the similarities between these brain processes and the storage of information in a hologram. Pribram’s holonomic model contributes significantly to human consciousness understanding, specially to the fast-associative memory and the non-locality of memory. In 1991 Orchestrated Objective Reduction (Orch-OR) theory was introduced by physicist Roger Penrose and anesthesiologists Stuart Hameroff. It is a biological philosophy of mind that postulates that at the quantum level consciousness originates inside neurons, rather than the traditional perspective that it is a product of connections between neurons. The interpreting mechanism is contributed to non-computational quantum process performed by quantum bits (qubits) formed collectively on cellular microtubules- called objective reduction. The qubits are based on oscillating dipoles (either electric or magnetic) forming superposed resonance rings in helical pathways throughout lattices of microtubules. Orchestration refers to the hypothetical process by which microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and other connective proteins, orchestrate qubit state reduction through modification of space time-separation of their superimposed states. Penrose was faced with a wave of criticism which is in our view not justified as his opponents were too limited with their perspective for human consciousness within the today computational intelligence language. In addition, postulating intuitive thoughts in the context of acceptable scientific language is well known and accepted approach in the philosophy of science. Other important contributors in the field are Hiroomi Umezawa and collaborators who proposed a quantum field theory of memory storage which is fundamentally different from the Penrose-Hameroff theory. In 1967, Hiroomi Umezawa together with L.M. Ricciardi, proposed a quantum theory of the brain which posits a spatially distributed charge formation exhibiting spontaneous breakdowns at micro levels as the basis for processing at macro levels. According to this model, the information resides in the virtual field associated with the dynamics of the cellular matter. Hiroomi Umezawa was known by his extreme originality. His approach was built upon by Karl Pribram and many others and expanded by Giuseppe Vitiello to a dissipative quantum model of brain. Another pioneer in the field is Henry Pierce Stapp. He is American mathematical physicist, known for his work in quantum mechanics who favors the idea that quantum wave functions collapse only when they interact with consciousness. According to Stapp hypothesis alternative quantum possibilities when exposed to conscious mind will select one. His explanation hypothesis differs from that of Penrose and Hameroff. Stapp postulates a process of global collapse through an effect on the synapses by exploitation certain aspects of quantum Zeno effect. David Pearce, British philosopher has conjectured that unitary conscious minds are physical states of quantum coherence (neuronal superpositions). It is clear at this point that scientist from different disciplines over the last 8 decades were trying to come closer to the absolute fact of consciousness. Each theory discussed has its strength and weaknesses, but all lack the comprehensive universal perspective incorporating the origin of consciousness with more homogenous incorporation of current theories in a stronger model capable of bringing us closer to consciousness realm closer than any time ever.

Alabdulgader Theory of Consciousness: The Heart Based Resonant Fields [HBRF]

Why Heart Based Resonant Frequencies [HBRF] theory

The Heart Based Resonant Fields [HBRF]theory of Consciousness is based on human heart as the center of human consciousness experience that orchestrate with the planetary and cosmic energetic fields. Comprehensive review of the consciousness science timeline revealed sincere efforts has been spent since early in the twentieth century as witnessed by the elite names in their fields. The twentieth century consciousness theories are distinguished from the old perspective on consciousness nature by the ting and flavor of quantum physics as shown in the previous section. Quantum physics became a true nucleus for other scientific disciplines like neuroscience, psychology, behavioral medicine and others. In spite of all reviewed theories, we believe that scientific communities in the field are still lacking new model of theory with comprehensive integral perspective comprises the major pillars of consciousness from the emanation of consciousness to its conduction and propagation reaching to human energetic fields and frequencies dynamic interactions ending with the fate of conscious experience production and decision making. The failure of the neuronal firing theory which was established by Wilder Penfield’s (1891–1976) who adopt the concept that electrical stimulations in certain brain areas produce experiential phenomena is one of the major reasons behind our exploration for convincing theory of consciousness [35]. Holistic perspective with spectrum of hierarchical descendant behavior comprising galaxies to genes is immediately needed. This type of perspective demands massive universal indicator capable of encompassing universal frequencies which must be truly representing the universe as astrobiology in one end and humans as biology in the other end. The miraculous choice in this direction is the information and frequencies embedded between human heart beats, known as Heart Rate Variability (HRV). HRV science represent the neurobiology of psychophysiological wellbeing and in the same time the only well documented biological window to the planetary resonance [6]. It is rapidly maturing paradigm that integrates health and wellness observations across a wide variety of biomedical and psychosocial phenomena and illustrates this nonlinear path of development [36]. The transformation of the mathematical calculations of HRV frequencies and its modulation to treat human disease non pharmaceutically, is an emerging and highly promising success [37]. This type of innovative therapeutic models raise our confidence of the inherent capability of the universally correlated frequencies emanating from our bodies to treat human diseases. On the other hand, the delicate orchestration of the human consciousness from beyond the brain became increasingly accepted scientific discussion. Resonances of HRV frequencies with cosmic energetic fields and frequencies is a strategic turning point and new understanding in the history of science. Advances especially, our work and others, in the science of Heart Rate Variability[HRV] and the role of ascending neuronal afferents from the heart to the brain in addition to the miraculous universal symphony between human heart and the universe constitute the most important revolutions in the new understanding [26-34]. Adopting the quantum consciousness theories in the new understanding based on human heart energetic interaction with multiple energetic fields and frequencies constitute the bases of our new understanding of consciousness experience. At this level, it is conspicuous that an integral comprehensive biological and astrophysical evidence of human consciousness based on long term repetitive monitoring of biological indicators synchronized with astrophysical frequencies is highly needed.

Heart based resonant frequencies theory of human consciousness

Consciousness theories based in neurophilosophy and personal background are accepted scientific trend in the different medical schools including our current western era medicine. Experimental work in the field is astonishingly limited. The perfect direction in the field of consciousness science which was thought as far unrealistic dream is to do a universal based experiment with four cardinal components: First is to choose a measurable indicator of common biological and astrophysical sensitivity which is malleable for Fourier analysis. Second: this indicator must be of true universal expansion to perceive the true consciousness eternal nature. Third is the ability to record the dynamics and responses of this indicator and its synchronicity with ecosystem variables and indicators for as long time period as possible. Fourth is the ability of this indicator to merge easily and in complementary manner with the quantum physics theories if applicable. This seemingly magic indicator was found to be the human Heart Rate Variability(HRV) which was investigated by our Task force Group in the King of Organs conferences (2006,2008,2010,2012,2019), and found to be truly representing the whole mark of human being consciousness experience from the two ends of the massive universal spectrum :the neurobiology of psychophysiological wellbeing at one end and in the other end the planetary resonances [3-7,14]. Based on those solid scientific convections we were able to achieve the longest record of human Heart Rate Variability [HRV][96000 hours] synchronized with the near planetary frequencies, namely the Shumann resonances [SR] and the far, namely Solar Wind indices and the extremely far Cosmic frequencies originating from the endless universal nuclear explosions, namely the Galactic Cosmic Rays[GCR] [38]. Increase in cosmic rays, solar radio flux, and Schumann resonance power was all associated with increased HRV and parasympathetic activity. Complementary to our hypothesis is the heart magnetic field interactions with the brain neuronal electrical fields as described by Karl Pribram as well as the quantum bit state reduction on micro tubules proposed by Penrose and Hamerof and Hiroomi Umezawa and collaborators who proposed a quantum field theory of memory storage. Our hypothesis is based on postulating that there is gigantic source of information contains the most delicate details of the emergence and the fate of all life events and all galaxies and creatures within it. The information is documented and preserved with infinitive accuracy in the form of endless gigantic nuclear energetic fields that we call the Preserved Board[PB].The eternal and the eterral governer of the PB is the miraculous intelligent consciousness of the whole polyverse and all life and beyond. In our domain we call him ALLAH [39]. Our hypothesis of the global consciousness including human consciousness is based on three levels of energetic fields. First is the source of the energy, namely the PB, second is the media of information transmission, namely the massive electrosoliton and the potential magnetic patterns and fields transmitted through the galaxies until earth, third is the receiver, the discriminator, and the magnetic patterns generator namely the heart and its pulsating magnetic field and associates in addition to the entangled electromagnetic fields, neurobiological processes of the brain and electrodermal response. Electrosolitons, which are the charge, energy, and information carriers in the metabolic processes in biological systems, according to Davydov’s hypothesis [39], are formed in alpha-helical proteins, DNA, and hydrogen-bonded water molecule chains, present in living cells, intercellular tissues, and in all ecological systems [40]. The electromagnetic fields of the universal systems and its associated potential patterns is the information carrier. The dynamic mass of the electrosoliton depends on the frequency of the magnetic field which affect charge transport processes. At the resonant frequency, electrosoliton wave will be drifted by the magnetic field and accordingly emit radiation and sound waves intensively then lose their energy. Electrosolitons emit their own electromagnetic radiation with the frequency of the main harmonic which is dependent on their own velocity. Electromagnetic potential can cause the emergence of the coherent structures that in view of their coherence, openness, and nonlinearity, are able to self-organize and form various hierarchical levels of ecosystems [41]. The human biological system has the ability to induce an electromagnetic field, either through solitons, or during melanin synthesis, which is able to convert a photon into a phonon and vice versa. This electromagnetic resource provides the mechanism for the non-locality, complexity, and self-consistency (self-maintaining) of biological organisms and ecosystems [42]. Via this electrosoliton emitted electromagnetic radiation, subunits of the complex system [cells, organs, individuals, ecosystems] exchange their information which leads to the appearance of the long-range order in a process of the massive hierarchy of ecosystems that is ongoing in descending manner from the galaxies to the local electromagnetic field [EMF] of the heart and brain with impressive accuracy. The HRV of human heart, which is an accurate indicator of the human psychophysiological and consciousness state, is in delicate symphony with the higher energetic fields [6,38]. There is a direct mathematical relationship between the HRV patterns which contains our magnetic potentials of our emotions and the spectral information encoded in the magnetic field [7]. This ultimately means that our emotions and consciousness, through our heart energies and fields are truly pulsating and resonate with the far universe in highly organized hierarchical manner. Our new perspective of human consciousness can blend easily in complementary manner with David Bohm’s model of the implicate order and its projection, or extrusion into space–time, and with Karl Pribram holonomic mind/brain theory. When the descendant information from the PB transformed by the magnetic fieldsemitted from the interaction of magnetic fields with the massive electrosoliton wave- it interacts with the human heart EMF and brain neuronal entangled fields and neuronal synapses [39]. Psychokinetic process will take over where several encoded choices within the descendant magnetic potential patterns will interact with heart EMF and brain neuronal entangled fields. According to the wave function collapse, the descendant magnetic potential patterns will be reduces to a single pattern at variable time intervals. Von Neumann–Wigner interpretation mentioned about “consciousness causes collapse” in the context of quantum mechanics as general description of the consciousness experience. Psychokinetic effect of all humanity on collective global consciousness can be thought of with the size of energetic levels fed by over 7 billion beating human hearts to the space. This would be the source of a radiant magnetic potential’s energy feeding into an evolving planetary fields. Our postulated underlying mechanism for this conscious decision making step of the HBRF theory is a dual effect of an interaction of the descendant magnetic potential and the neuronal entanglement fields as described by Karl Pribram and the global process collapse through an effect on the synapses with means of quantum Zeno effect as described by Henry Pierce Stapp. Freeman Dyson argument that mind as manifested by the capacity to make choices, is inherent in every electron is in a strong concordance to the wave collapse part of our HBRF theory. We postulate this wave function collapse is the last step occurs between the cerebral neuronal entanglement fields and neuronal synapses interacting with the descendant magnetic potentials before final decision is taken. The heart afferent neuronal inputs to cortical and sub cortical systems and the associate neurotransmitter pathways, are a major player in this process of decision making of one choice over the other. This higher level of orchestrated consciousness from the PB to the neurobiology of heart and brain with the constellation of Information carriers, Electromagnetic force and quantum fields is confined exclusively to humankind for which they are committed to the higher power being responsible about their choices in life. The ancient wisdom with the rooted believe that the human heart is the cradle of the soul and the emanatory of human consciousness as well as the path to ALLAH is, for the first time, in historical intersection with the modern applied sciences [43].

Conclusion

Human consciousness has been considered to be one of the most elusive issues in life. The time is due to incorporate the huge scientific advances in biology, quantum physics, astrobiology, and philosophy to decode the mystery of consciousness, its nature, propagation and dynamic interactions with biology in general and human consciousness in specific. The concept of resonance and its implementations in our scientific understanding of physiological as well as astrophysical rhythms is of paramount role for what we are calling for in the direction of holistic approach for human consciousness. The failure to reproduce conscious experience with the current mainstream knowledge with neuronal firing of certain brain nuclei and pathways raise the flag to revolutionize our conceptual understanding of consciousness. Ground breaking developments in the direction towards coming closer to the absolute facts is the scientific evidence of the dominance of the human heart as king of organs in the energetic arena and the marvelous developments in the understanding of Heart Rate Variability(HRV) and the associated magnetic field patterns as information carriers. The vagal nerve is not vagal but is a true master of the afferent cardiac input to important consciousness related regions in the brain. Our team achievement with the longest record in human history for the HRV as information carrier and its resonances with various cosmic frequencies including Schumann Resonances, Solar Winds indices and Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) created massive drift in our basic understanding of consciousness theories. The Heart Based Resonant Fields [HBRF]theory of Consciousness is based on human heart as the center of human consciousness experience that orchestrate with the planetary and cosmic energetic fields. Important quantum consciousness theories are complementary to our HBRF theory. With this level of understanding we are coming closer to decode important aspects of the mystery of human consciousness towards innovations in diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for humanity psychophysiological wellbeing.

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Iris Publishers-Open access Journal of Ophthalmology & Vision Research | Attention Attraction in Circular Perception of a Three- Dimensional Object

 


Authored by Losik George*,

Abstract

The article is dedicated to the parametric analysis of a trajectory of circular rotation of a three-dimensional object during its perceptual inspection and emphasizes the difference in the psychological mechanism of distribution of a person attention from the mechanism of saccadic eye movement during perception of the video scene. According to the result, when the image of the three-dimensional object scanned with eyes there are saccades and fixed points of attention. The difference between perception of a physical object and its virtual image lays in necessity of physical action to go around the object or rotate it with the hand. So, there is a hypothesis the motive to form a full virtual image of the object consists of consequence of discrete motives, like: look at the object from left, from right, from behind, from top. In that case a person has a freedom of choice which discrete motive to implement and do it consciously. Perception of parameters of the object occurs during its rotation with an accent on the points of interest. In that points attention attracted and kept for some time, comprehension of perceived scene occurred, and the new motive generated. In the point of interest, the observation trajectory makes a maneuver and this fact support the hypothesis. The maneuvers reflect change of cognitive motives. The topology of the object image formed as a graph with vertices and vectors with azimuths and lengths of vertex connections as vector-defined edges of the graph. The results of the study are applicable in ergonomic design and prediction of human perceptual actions in new cognitive situations.

Keywords: 3D object; Attention attraction; Cognitive motive; Perception trajectory; Point of interest

Introduction

Now days there are task of the information search of 3D images on the Internet [8;12]. Similar to the textual search by a key word there is a goal to find invariant properties of topology of the 3D object shape to search not just copies of the object but objects similar by the shape. In that case it is not enough to consider only physical similarity of the objects but psychological perception should be taken into the count. So, psychologists proposed to use eye-tracking. We propose to use maps of trajectories of circular perception of the object. Comparing such trajectories and considering speed of observation the Internet search system could find object by similar shape and psychological style of observation simultaneously. It gives a benefit to place, for example, virtual 3D sculptures in a museum or 3D goods on the Internet market with consideration of a psychological component of virtual information search.

There is a large number of researches in the trajectory perception of planar or 2D images. Regularities of viewing 2D objects were studied by [1-5]. The Eye-tracking method allows studying the patterns of eye movements and stops when viewing 2D images [6]. Real or virtual objects on the computer display may be taken for viewing. Valuable for analysis are the “heat maps” as statistically averaged data on the planar spectrum of visual attention to different spots on the image (Figure 1).

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However, these researches on 2D objects do not include perception of the rotation trajectories of 3D non-transparent objects. The 3D object perception demands viewing the object around and it is forming the trajectory in the 3D space unlike to 2D space (Figure 2). To inspect the entire surface of the real object, the person has to walk around the object or rotate it with the hand [7].The perception of a route as the trajectory in the 3D space considered being analog and changing in time and speed. During the human perception of the 3D object surface, the viewing trajectory does not contain irregular gaze leaps (Figure 2).

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So, a person’s hand or body is involved to rotate the object, then the trajectory of the perception depends not only on a direction of the person attention but also on the mobility of the hand and body. There are three reasons affecting the circular trajectory:

• the physical properties of the inspected object

• the physiological characteristics of the person (hand, body)

• the psychological motives

Particular motives can determine the nature of the perception. These are different approaches when the object is inspected purely for curiosity (cognitively) and when the person inspects the object for pragmatic purposes where a phase of perception is preceding the phase of the immediate specific use of this object. This paper considers only the first approach [8].

In the experiment, the person did not have an access to the real object, instead had the access to the 3D model on the screen. The person rotated the object with the hand and the “computer mouse”. So, the person could not plan any instrumental actions with the object, because did not have sensations of the object’s weight, center of gravity, aggregate state, roughness, temperature, elasticity perceiving the object on the basis of cognitive motives only.

The results of the previous research [9,10] show that observation of the 3D object during its rotation has a similarity with observation of the 2D object because of stops of attention of saccades. The novelty of the research is in recognition of psychological factors affecting the perception trajectory which are dipper of physiological and physical factors. Besides, the novelty is in developed algorithms and software registering the perception trajectory and recognizing cognitive motives of the person so supporting the statement of informatively of the factors.

Materials and Methods

The origin of the motive is related to two sources. The first when an intention of the person is based on the received instruction and formed before the object perception. The second when in natural conditions there is some source “inside” of the person and based on that there is the motive. This research is concentrated on the second case [11]. The experiments showed that the motive has many variants and such a variability arises on four reasons dependent on:

• the characteristics of the inspected object (its physical properties)

• the physiological patterns of sensorimotor control over the movements of the hand and eye

• the content of the instruction to the person

• the psychological intention of the person fulfilled during the perception

The viewing trajectory is the result of the interaction of those four factors. The first three factors shadow the fourth. The fourth factor, which is most interesting, can be, for example, the person’s motive to see the backside of the object (“to look beyond the horizon”); or to approach to the point of the focal interest; or to examine the frontal panorama of the object; or to understand whether the object is symmetrical. Therefore, before automatic motive recognition it is necessary to “eliminate” from the “raw” trajectory factors reflecting the physics of the object and the physiology of the person’s hand and eye. According to the identified reasons for the implementation of the recognition method, it was developed an algorithm of forming and filtering the average trajectory from the registered trajectories of the virtual object perception. It is on the filtered trajectory the sections corresponding to the implementation of the motive [12].

For that, in the psychology the classic approach is used to the factor analysis, variance analysis, and structural modeling methods [11]. In the presented research, a method of counter hypotheses is applied. In this method, decomposition of the causes of variability is accomplished not by a mathematical method, but by the method of controlling the experiment - by eliminating the hypothesized factor in the experiment.

The person can have different psychological intentions during the object perception. In the research, only one cognitive hypothesis is tested: “to approach to the focal interest point.” On the surface of the object presented to the person – “the globe” – the five yellow spots were placed as the points of interest. According to the instruction, the person was required to find those points in a random order and to make short-term stops during the perception [9].

The test plan

For the experiments was provided a laboratory model, developed in the United Institute of Problems of Informatics of Belarus Academy of Science, registering the perception trajectory of the 3D object and helping to define a set of parameters. To study the patterns of the 3D object inspection, in a pilot experiment from 50 samples of 3D models only one was selected. This is the globe. The continents and the water areas are depicted as a “physical map” without conventional notations. On the globe surface, 5 yellow spots were marked for searching. Before the experiment, for adaptation, the participant was asked to rotate another object with the mouse and after that, the instruction was given. The position to begin the inspection was the same for everybody - the western hemisphere. Each person made experience once. There were no restrictions on the search duration and sequence of the yellow spots [13,14]. Thus, variety of inspection conditions were allowed with respect to the azimuth, route of inspection, and speed (accelerations, stops, and time dynamics of the inspection). With the mouse wheel the participant could magnify the point of interest on the surface. 150 participants 16-21 years old performed the test. 70% are students of BSPU and 30% are high school students. All having normal vision and right-handers.

Results

The globe surface is divided on 512 triangles. A red line going through some of the 512 triangles and representing the attraction spectrum marks the inspection trajectory of the participants. (Figure 3) The time of being in the triangles is called the spectrum time of attention attraction to the different spots of the object (Figure 3).

irispublishers-openaccess-ophthalmology-vision-research

The spectrum reflects only attention attraction to some spots but not provide statistics of the direction of the participant viewing movement. So, the statistics of vectors, showing the direction from the particular triangle to the particular, was collected. The result is called the spectrum of viewing directions. As noted, the globe surface is divided on 512 triangles. The result of averaging data of 150 participants on the time of stops in each of the 512 triangles is the attention attraction spectrum represented as a histogram (Figure 4).

irispublishers-openaccess-ophthalmology-vision-research

It was detected the time of stops in different places on the sphere is varying much. There are places attracting attention and not attracting. In particular, all the five yellow spots pointed to be places of attention, included in such places. Besides, there is a number of unplanned detected places on the surface of the globe. It is a matter of next experiments to learn how automatically predict which places will attract more attention on other type of objects. The spectrum shows only attraction of the gaze to a particular place on the surface of the object. So, the participants made stops in places where they found yellow spots and stops in a number of other places interesting for the participants. It was assumed that the type of the object affects not only the duration of perception of different places on the object surface, but also affects the vector (direction) of the gaze leaving the place to the favor of the neighboring place, and the speed of exit. So, the places of interest, were defined according to a condition of the diversity or monotony of the directions of entry and exit from the given place. In a result, the statistical averaging of the perception trajectories of the same object by a number of participants allowed to classify different places into three categories: hubs (the places of high interest); paths between hubs; not visited places.

According to the instruction, the five yellow spots were identified as places of interest. Each spot lays on the several triangles. Therefore, the vectors and frequencies of entry and exit were statistically computed and the frequency of the entry directions in the spots and exit directions from the spots were compiled. So, the important parameter is the direction of entry to the spot and exit from the spot. The attention attraction time is not enough to characterize the triangle as a hub. The hub is characterized by the factor of a set of different directions of entry and exit but not just a single one direction. All five yellow spots satisfy to the factor. The average parameter was used to select the frequency of movement of the gaze from the ith triangle to the neighboring jth, which is a specific pair of neighboring triangles. Considering that the inspection sphere consists of 512 triangles, 512x512 pairs of triangles were allocated for statistical analysis and 512x512 matrix was compiled. Statistics were collected for 150 experiments. For each participant the detected trajectory was transcoded into a chain of a sequence of triangles and pairs of adjacent triangles were found. For each triangle, which could potentially be a place of change of motive or hub, the number of exit triangles was determined (Table 1).

Table 1:

rispublishers-openaccess-ophthalmology-vision-research

According to the instruction, the five yellow spots were identified as places of interest. Each spot lays on the several triangles. Therefore, the vectors and frequencies of entry and exit were statistically computed and the frequency of the entry directions in the spots and exit directions from the spots were compiled (Figure 5).

irispublishers-openaccess-ophthalmology-vision-research

So, the important parameter is the direction of entry to the spot and exit from the spot. The attention attraction time is not enough to characterize the triangle as a hub. The hub is characterized by the factor of a set of different directions of entry and exit but not just a single one direction. All five yellow spots satisfy to the factor. The number of exits from the first spot is 17, from the second is 14, from the third is 9, from the forth is 25. That means the hub is place of completion of the one motive and beginning of another.

Discussion

The study revealed two reasons affecting the change of route of the circular perception of the object. The first is a specificity of the object and the second is the specificity of the focus group of the participants. Therefore, when changing the object of perception, it should be expected a difference of the places of interest on the surface of the object, a different duration of stops, a different angular speed of rotation of the object from the point to point. Change of the category of participants leads to differentiation of sequences of points of interest and directions of attention.

Thus, accumulated information about the time of the person attention to certain places on the surface of the object and information about the variety of exit directions from these places, can help automatize finding places on the route that are interesting for the perception on the surface of the object. Theoretical analysis showed that the circular perception of the nontransparent object is fundamentally different in nature from the perception of a plane object by the saccades of the eyeball. The perception is associated with stops of attention to comprehend the point of interest, a time delay for choosing a further inspection of the object by rotation.

The trajectory of the circular perception of the object shows the place of interest where the person makes a maneuver and attention is kept. Maneuvers along the route when the object rotates in a new direction can act as informative signs of places of changing the cognitive motive of a person in a circular perception of the object. This does not contradict the hypothesis that the consideration in the image the parameters of the 3D object on its rotation path occurs only in interesting places of the object and the new inspection motive begins to be realized after the comprehension of the interesting point. At the same time, the participant remembers the appearance of the object in this interesting place to not return there again.

Conclusion

So, achieved results do not contradict the hypothesis that during circular perception of the 3D object the person finding the point of interest decides about the next maneuver, what means changes the motive of observation. At the same time, the person memorizes the view of the object in the point of interest to avoid coming back to the point again.

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Friday, March 15, 2024

Iris Publishers-Open access Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacology Research | Relation of Pulse Rate with Flu Medication Treatment

 


Authored by Bushra Khalid*,

Abstract

Influenza is caused by Influenza virus which has many types A, B, C and D. Each type is divided into subtypes like Influenza A (H1N1 and H3N2) are most common. Its symptoms have resemblance with cold but if it is not treated properly then many nearby healthy individual also affected by flu. Vaccination is best way for prevention but some people prefers medication while other prefer home remedies for flu treatment. Heart is muscular organ which is responsible for blood pumping moreover a healthy pulse rate declare that heart is at right state. Abnormal pulse rate is associated with many other illnesses. To measure the pulse rate, hold the hand as its palm side up and by placing the two fingers on wrist feel pulse rate and count it for one minute by using stopwatch. Finally, here is significant relation is observed for flu treatment with pulse rate.

Introduction

Influenza virus leads influenza or flu which is highly contagious disease. Its symptoms are related to cold but it differs in some aspect like causing agent Rhino virus for flu and influenza virus for influenza. Influenza virus has four types A, B, C and D further A and B cause seasonal influenza. Among them H1N1 and H3N2 are common subtypes of influenza type A and other subtypes lead sporadic human infection [1]. Vaccine provide protection against influenza A (H1N1) and Influenza B rather than influenza A (H3N2) [2]. To understand the host pathogenicity relationship, structural composition of Influenza virus is noticed mean Influenza virus is RNA enveloped and belong to Orthomyxoviridae family. It consists helical capsid mediated by matrix protein M1 and M2, neuraminidase and hemagglutinin act as glycoprotein and involved in enveloped formation. It is easily penetrated in epithelial cells of human respiratory tract. Its structural evolution via antigen drift and antigenic shifting facilitate in its pathogenicity and scientists need revision in vaccine formulation each year [3]. Heart is muscular organ which is present in the center of chest near left side and responsible to pump oxygenated blood to all body parts and receive deoxygenated blood and pump toward lungs to receive oxygen. Healthy heart is responsible to deliver oxygen at right amount irrespective of activity. Pulse rate and heartbeat declared the health of heart but both are confusing term but pulse declared the expansion and contraction of arteries in response to heart pumping, so both are considered equal [4]. Pulse rate increase in many diseases and it can measure at upper arm, wrist and neck. Slow pulse rate with dizziness helped to identify internal bleeding and other serious conditions while fast pulse rate is in the case of high blood pressure and cardiovascular problems. A healthy pulse rate is between 60 and 100 beats per minutes in adults. Infants have up to 160 bpm which decrease with the passage of age. A healthy and fit person has slow pulse rate as compared to those persons who exercise less and suffered with some health issues [5].

Materials and Methods

Materials

Stopwatch, notepad

Methodology

There are many places where heartbeat can measure like top or inner side of feet and behind the knees etc. Arteries runs closely to the surface of skin especially wrist and neck. To measure the pulse rate firstly turn one hand over in such a way palm-side up. Gently placed two fingers in the groove of forearm. By placing fingers at right side feel pulse rate and at the same time set the stopwatch for one minute and measure the pulse rate as per minute. Another method in which gentle place the fingers at soft groove on either side of windpipe. Count the pulse rate in one minute and note down on the page.

Results and Discussion

We counted pulse rate by using stopwatch for 60 seconds. Here Graph show the number of individuals whose pulse rate were noticed with respect of flu treatment with and without medicine. Out of 30 males and 70 females only 10 males and 25 females treat flu with medicine while they treat flu without medication (Table 1). shows the average value with standard deviation Further T-test is also performed to check its significance (Figure 1) (Table 1).

p<0.1 = Non-significant

Table 1: Relation of Pulse rate with flu treatment with and without medicines

irispublishers-openaccess-pharmacy-pharmacology
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Conclusion

There is significant relation observed for flu treatment with pulse rate.

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Iris Publishers-Open access Journal of Neurology & Neuroscience | Quantum Consciousness and the Heart Based Resonant Frequencies Theory

  Authored by  Abdullah Abdulrhman Al Abdulgader*, Resonance in Biology and Astrophysics Resonance refers to vibration of large amplitude in...