Iris Publishers- Open access Journal of Dentistry & Oral Health | Indispensable for Preventıve Dentistry: Fissure Sealants

Authored by Arife Kaptan

Fissure Sealants are materials that are applied to the pits and fissures in tooth in preventing tooth cavities. The success of the fissure sealants depends on degree of binding with tooth surface and isolating capacity the pit and fissures from the mouth environment. The purpose of this review is to investigate the reasons for applying fissure sealants, application technique and types of fissure sealants.

In recent years, the greatest interest of modern dentistry; it focuses on reducing the risk of caries, preventive practices, and non-invasive conservative techniques where dental structures are protected as much as possible [1]. In previous caries research, occlusal surfaces have been found to susceptible to caries due to pits and fissures resulting from anatomical structures. Especially in children and young people, caries are most commonly seen in fissures [2]. The most effective method to prevent caries from these areas is the application of pit and fissure sealants. Pit and fissure sealants, one of the basic methods of preventive dentistry, are increasingly used in developed countries with the purpose of prevent occusal surface caries [3]. Fissure sealants are prevent plaque microflora and food-borne debris from accumulation in caries-susceptible pits and fissures. In addition, it reduces the effect of acid formed by the bacteria causing caries and remineralises the new lesions of the caries [4].
The contents of pit and fissure sealants, such as other restoration material used in dentistry, have been further developed over time. Fissure sealants with glass ionomer cement (GIC) and bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) which is the basis of composite restoration materials, have been recently most preferred in clinical use [5,6]. However, the content of pit and fissure sealants has changed in parallel with the recent developments of both composite resins and glass ionomer cements [7]. Bis-GMA is formed by the reaction of an organic compound called Bisphenol-A and glycidyl methacrylate at a 1/2 molecule ratio. Fissure sealants contain 1/3 methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer, which is more fluid than composite resins. This material exhibits good surface wettability and improved physical properties and suitable fluidity due to its low viscosity. The major disadvantage of resin-based fissure sealants is polymerization shrinkage, which permits bacterial penetration and leads to the formation of gaps leading to failure of restoration.

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