Iris Publishers- Advances in Oceanography & Marine Biology | Differences in Fish Assemblage Structure

Authored by Ousmane Diankha

This work is a preliminary comparative study of fish assemblage between a marine protected area where fishing is banned in Joal-Fadiouth (JFMPA) and a fishing authorized marine protected in Cayar (CMPA). It consisted of seasonal sampling between 2015 and 2016. Trophic classification based on food regime was performed in order to describe the fish fauna of these MPA. Multivariate analysis like factorial correspondence analysis and hierarchical classification analysis were carried out to study the spatial differences of fish assemblages. Both MPA had similar number of species, 103 fish species belonging to 45 families. However, a fundamental difference in terms of fish composition, abundance and biomass were noted. Only 38 fish species were shared by these MPA. In other words, among the 103 fish species found in CMPA 65 were not encountered in JFMPA. The total number of individuals in JFMPA was six time higher, and the biomass in JFMPA was triple of that in CMPA. The fish assemblage of CMPA was dominated in terms of abundance by two second-level predators Pagellus bellottii and Galeoides decadactylus (12.4%), while in JFMPA the pelagic herbivores Ethmalosa fimbriata (34%) dominated the fish assemblage. Our results suggest that management strategy in JFMPA seem to be more efficient than that of CMPA. Therefore, fishing activities in CMPA, even controlled seem to have negative effect on fish abundance.

To read more... Open access Journal of  Marine Biology 

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Iris Publishers-Online Journal of Cardiovascular Research | Strategies of Handling a Stenotic Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery

Authored by Ilan A Yaeger

Background and aims: By present guidelines, unprotected stenotic LMCA that requires revascularization is revascularized in most cases by a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operation whereas only select groups of patients that are contraindicated for CABG operation are treated by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). A possibility of a CABG operation is never taken lightly, therefore ways of avoiding it within the LMCA-LCx-LAD stenotic configuration are explored in this article.

Methods and results: A numerical simulation of intracoronary pressures combined with the multi-artery FFR method is applied to the stenotic 3-artery configuration LMCA-LCx-LAD under conditions of stable and minimal microvascular resistance. In this method a clear distinction is made between the familiar FFR^true which is the FFR of an artery in its virtually stand-alone position and its actual FFR (denoted FFR^real) when the artery is part of an arterial configuration in which the stenosis-stenosis interaction with other arteries impedes and reduces its blood flow (and therefore FFR^real ≤ FFR^true ). The kind of treatment that the artery needs is now determined by its FFR^real numerical value, not by its FFR^true. From the initially measured intracoronary pressures the method can yield the current status of the LMCA-LCx-LAD configuration (namely FFR^real and FFR^true of each artery). Also, from the very same data, outcomes of all possible future revascularizations can be predicted. From the predicted future outcomes one can figure out if LMCA revascularization is required and also what effect would a LMCA revascularization, or lack of it, have on the current treatment decision for LCx and/or LAD arteries. The numerical examples in the article clearly show the interdependence of treatment decisions for the various arteries through inter-arterial stenosis-stenosis interactions. It turns out that in the intermediate stenosis severity range the FFR^true of an artery may be satisfactory but its FFR^real is sometimes lower by about 0.3 indicating in most of such cases that revascularization is mandatory.

To read more... Open access Journal of  Cardiovascular Research

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Iris Publishers- Global Journal of Nutrition & Food Science | Environmental and Nutritional Consequences of Population Growth

Authored by Mohammad Taghi Sheykhi

Climate change, industrialization, environmental change and increasing urbanization all together have impacted food products, increasing food consumption and in many cases food insecurity. Under such circumstances emerging challenges, nutrition shortages as well as population migration are widely observed within the dry lands of the developing world with special reference to Asia. In recent years, these topics have come to the center of attention of policymakers, and the community of scholars studying these phenomena. The above interwoven phenomena have largely affected food accessibility in many parts of Asia. As a result of such a scenario, shortage of food is widely observed, and prices constantly rise. Such a situation increases poverty and lower purchasing power for an increasing number of people. To remedy the crisis, these countries need effective policies with respect to agriculture, environmental management, settlements, urbanization, and population dynamics. Meeting the basic human needs of growing population is dependent on a healthy environment and nutrition. At the same time, many of the environment and development challenges, including the economic and social dimensions of sustainable development, such as poverty, consumption, human health and human settlement are the consequences of population growth and high fertility rate, especially in the Third World context. Pressure on the environment may result from rapid population growth, distribution, and migration, especially in ecologically vulnerable eco-systems. Urbanization and policies that do not recognize the need for rural development also create environmental problems.

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Iris Publishers- Global Journal of Nutrition & Food Science | How does Extrusion Technology Help

Authored by Jose Luis Ramirez Ascheri

 

Extrusion is nowadays a technological procedure that allows the processing of a very large quantity of final products. These may be for human, animal or industrial use. Food for human consumption has been a major focus in the use of this technological process. Because of their versatility of use, there is a possibility of using very different raw materials, which individually or mixed with other products can generate high added value food products. In this work we point out that only in the adequate control of the process parameters can we obtain foods of high nutritional value, with good sensory characteristics and functional properties. First, let us define what extrusion is. There are several definitions in this regard, one of which describes as a thermomechanical process of high temperature and short time (HTST), which combines moisture, heat and mechanical shear. That by transporting, by means of a screw or screws inside a barrel, at a high rotation speed, restricted by a die or several dies, the material is modified deeply creating new forms and structures with different physical, chemical, nutritional and sensorial properties [1]. The question is that, the equipment, raw materials, working conditions in the plant, are in convergent way to the good norms and practices of operation and quality. Good results in the physical, functional and sensorial properties require the good management of all the parameters involved, from the adequate and excellent quality of the raw material as in the management of extrusion system parameters including moisture processing, barrel temperature, screw speed, suitable pre-conditioning system, and feeding system. Obviously due care after extrusion: time and temperature of drying, proper packaging and storage.

To read more... Nutrition

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Iris Publishers- Journal of Textile Science & Fashion Technology | Procurement Risk Management in International Supply Structures

Authored by Maria Rosaria Marcone

In the current economic contexts, we are witnessing profound changes in the processes of structuring supply chains internationally. On the one hand, supply chains are constituted in new ways in certain geographical areas and we see real relocalizations of supply chains that are differentially specialized in the various world locations. On the other hand, supply chains, even those that connote made in Italy, are internationalized as a whole [1-4].

Another significant phenomenon is the repositioning in the international supply chain by the Italian knitwear firms operating in the business to consumer (B2C) markets. In recent years there have been many companies that have modified the content of the strategies and characteristics of their organizational structure in order to protect new “interstitial spaces” (or micro-segments) in international markets.

A further starting point for reflection and managerial investigation is the emergence of new buyer-supplier relationships in new product development (NPD) processes in creative Italian sectors. Industrial innovation based on the involvement of suppliers in specific and experimental ‘design-engineering’ processes that highlight the need for buyers and suppliers to structure international bargaining between bargaining and relational governance in a new way.

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Iris Publishers- Journal of Textile Science & Fashion Technology | A Review of Ballistic, Slash, and Stab Protection for Integration

Authored by Meredith McQuerry

The 2015 National Fire Service Research Agenda report placed a significant priority on the evaluation and development of ballistic protection for firefighters and emergency medical service (EMS) first responders. While some fire departments have adopted hard armor vests worn underneath or overtop of their uniform or turnout suits, body armor should be integrated into first responder personal protective clothing (PPC) such that ballistic and stab protection is an inherent property of the clothing system. The purpose of this review article was to explore the ballistic protection needs of first responders and investigate the potential integration of such protection into structural firefighting and EMS protective clothing. Types of ballistic, slash, and stab protection are discussed along with standard National Institute of Justice (NIJ) protection levels. Advanced ballistic technologies and existing products are investigated for their feasible incorporation into first responder PPC. Thermal protection, physiological comfort, garment fit, and ergonomic mobility user needs are considered in conjunction with ballistic protection. A system engineering approach should be utilized to integrate soft armor ballistic protection into first responder protective apparel. Future research should assess the ability of integrated ballistic protection designs to meet National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) performance requirements for firefighting and EMS.

To read more... Fashion Technology 

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Iris Publishers-Global Journal of Forensic Science & Medicine | The Undercommons and Subjugated Knowledge

Authored by Jessica Malandrino

In Michel Foucault’s work, Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972-1977, I am interested in thinking about the relationship with his theory about power and knowledge. For Foucault, power and knowledge is within the “articulation of each other [1].” In this, there is a type of knowledge and hypervisibility that has a historical tone, and this feature is scientific [2]. For this essay I will summarize some of Foucault’s theories about power and knowledge, because it provides a pedagogy to think about the performative structure of knowledge. In that, there is a performance of power that upholds certain knowledge as important. Foucault’s argument that I am interested in are how the state produces discourse that is scientific and upheld socio-historically. More specifically, I am interested in his ideas about “subjugated knowledge,” because this can be either unconscious and ideological knowledge that is informed by history, or outside knowledge, non-state knowledge of everyday life and experience [3]. What I am really interested in for this critical response is to extend Foucault’s ideas about knowledge that is not seen as important to the state. In this essay, I put forth the following questions: How does the state evaluate knowledge as important? How can we think, and use knowledge outside of the state’s power? I will attempt to answer these questions in this essay.

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Iris Publishers-Archives in Biomedical Engineering & Biotechnology | Atypical Ductal Lesion in the Breast

Authored by Shinya Tajima

Atypical ductal lesions of the breast are considered mainly “Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH)” ADH is defined as intraductal feature of architectural atypia [1]. However, diagnosis of ADH is challenging, because the interpretation of diagnosing ADH is different and vary between diagnostic pathologists. Goi S [2] advocated two pattern theory in the breast [2]. First, true borderline malignancy lesions are existed in the breast. Second, true borderline malignancy lesions are not existed, because borderline malignancy lesions which was thought at a glance are not true borderline lesions but pathologists cannot divide between malignant and benign because of their incapable. Goi S. thought that the latter theory was appropriate. Furthermore, he also thought that benign and malignant should be rigidly separated, and the most important thing is to reduce over diagnosis or under diagnosis. However, our recent study indicates the existence of the true borderline lesion. After paragraph, I will write this matter in detail. In addition, ADH is not clearly understood whether borderline malignancy or not, and that is still wrapped mysteriously. In this paragraph, we will depict about the characteristics of ADH. The definitions of ADH are clonal intraductal proliferation with architectural and cytologic features approaching those seen in low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ.

To read more... Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology

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Iris publishers- Global Journal of Pediatrics & Neonatal Care | Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Associated Pulmonary Hypertension

Authored by Amna Qasim

Objectives: To evaluate the implementation of the American Heart Association (AHA) and American Thoracic Society (ATS) 2015 guidelines in the diagnosis (including the utility of cardiac catheterization) and management of bronchopulmonary dysplasia associated pulmonary hypertension (BPD-PH) in USA and Canada.

Methods: A validated 25-item questionnaire was sent to academic neonatal centers in USA and Canada to collect information on diagnosis, screening protocols, availability of resources and management of BPD-PH.

Results: 133 responses were included (112 USA and 21 Canadian providers). There were no significant differences in the resources and practices between USA and Canada. ECHO alone is most commonly used to screen infants for BPD-PH and cardiac catheterization is rarely utilized. Treatment of BPD-PH includes use of oxygen to maintain saturations > 95%, Sildenafil, Nitric oxide and combination of all above.

Conclusion: The AHA/ATS guidelines are being implemented partly. There is an urgent need for appropriate and practical guidelines for the management of BPD-PH.

The increased survival of premature infants has led to an increased incidence of complications associated with prematurity. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common chronic lung disease associated with prematurity that affects approximately 10,000-15,000 preterm infants [1] in USA alone with health costs exceeding $2.4 billion in USA alone [2] Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is one of the most significant complications of BPD due to its high associated morbidity and mortality. PH complicates approximately one-third infants with BPD cases [3-5] with high mortality (40%).

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Iris Publishers- Archives of Clinical Case Studies | Epidermal Cyst of the Plantar Foot

 Authored by Charles B Parks

Epidermal inclusion cysts are benign lesions that are rarely seen on the foot due to its lack of sebaceous glands. (Paparelli) We report a case of a 70-year-old male with an inclusion cyst for over 5 years. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging revealed the presence of subcutaneous mass with a growing epidermoid.Epidermal inclusion cysts (also commonly referred to as epidermal cysts, epidermoid cysts and infundibular cysts) are benign cysts in the epidermal region of the skin. Comprising about 85-90% of all excised subcutaneous cysts, they are relatively common. (Kim, Nigam) The cyst is most often found in the hair bearing surfaces of the body due to a displacement and proliferation of the epidermal cells within the dermis, or from inflammation of the pilosebaceous glands. A 41 years old Moroccan woman with a 6-year history of GPP was admitted with an acute, severe flare of pustulation. On exanimation, she was febrile and had disseminated, painful pustules primarily over the back, the upper and lower extremities (Figure 1A). There was a generalized erythema covering approximately 80% of the body surface area; the dermatology life quality index (DLQI) was 21. Secukinumab 300 mg with initial dosing at weeks 0, 1, 2 and 3, followed by monthly maintenance dosing starting at week 4 was administered in association with acitretin 0.4 mg/Kg/day. Within 2 weeks after the first secukinumab dose, there was an improvement in her general state, partial resolution of pustules and erythema. Complete GPP clearance was achieved at month-2 (Figure 1B) when DLQI score was 4. The patient was otherwise healthy, and she was taking hormonal contraception. The beneficial was maintained during the 14 months of follow up.

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Iris Publishers- Archives of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research | Association of Pulse Rate

 

Authored by Muhammad Imran Qadir

 

This project actually describes the association of pulse rate with cartoons watching. The pulse is the measurement of individual beats in a specific time period. There is also normal, medium and higher pulse rate. The ideal pulse rate is from 60 beats to 100 beats in adult. Thus, there were 200 subjects performed in this study. They all were between the age of 18-22. They were the students of Bahauddin Zakriya University Multan Pakistan. All of them described that whether they like cartoon watching or not according to their pulse rate. And by calculating their pulse rate we determined average and standard deviation and also the t-test of students by Ms excel. The word pulse simply means the number of individual beats in a specified time period such as one minute. The word pulse is actually a rhythmical beating, vibration or sounding. Pulse is the elaboration of artery. This elaboration is due to the increase of blood pressure that is pushing against the walls of arteries. When the heart pumps the blood, these elaborations rise and fall in time. Pulse is often measured by feeling the arteries of wrist and neck. It is the rhythmical dilation of an artery that result from beating the heart. For an adult the ideal heart rate should be 60-100 beats in one minute. The person whose heart rate is lower than 60 beats is suffering from the disease of bradycardia. For adults the heart rate more than 100 beats is considered to be most fast which is dangerous heart rate. There are present some places where there is less chance to find the pulse and one of that places is on the top or inner side of the foot.

 

To read more... Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research

 

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