Iris Publishers- Open access Journal of Agriculture and Soil Science | Utilization of Raw, Dehullled, Autoclaved and Soaked Pea Pisum Sativum Seed Meals as Replacement for Fishmeal in Practical Diet Formulation for Juvenile Sea Bass in a Recirculating System

Authored by Erlinda S Ganzon Naret

A 60-day feeding experiment on sea bass, Lates calcariform was conducted at the UPV Multi- Species Hatchery from September 23 - November 21, 2017. Healthy juveniles with an average initial weight of 0.09g were randomly stocked at twenty-five fish per tank at three replicates per treatment in fifteen 100-l conical tanks connected to a recirculating system under a photoperiod of 12h light and 12h dark. Five experimental diets were formulated to be isocaloric (40%) and isolipidic (10%) consisting of a Control Diet (without green pea); raw green pea, RGP (Diet 1); dehulled green pea, DGP (Diet 2); autoclaved green pea, AGP (Diet 3 ) and soaked green peas, SGP (Diet 4) to replace about 10-11% of the total protein in the diets. The percent weight gain (% WG) of sea bass fed control diet (1544±2.60%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than diets with RGP, SGP and DGP, however fish fed AGP diets was not significantly different from those of the control group (P > 0.05). No significant difference (P>0.05) was found in the specific growth rate (%SGR) among the groups of fish fed control, AGP and DGP diets. Similarly, the SGR were not also markedly different for fish fed DGP and SGP diets, nevertheless the values were the lowest for the RGP diets. The best feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were observed in sea bass fed control diet at 1.74 and 1.88 respectively. The highest survival rate at the end of the 60-day feeding period was observed for DGP diet (85.33%) which was comparable to those obtained with the other diets (AGP, SGP and Control), however the value was lowest for RGP diet (73.33%). Based on these results FM based diets with AGP and DGP have similar effects on the growth performance and survival of juvenile sea bass, L calcariform. It is quite clear that autoclaving and dehulling should be effectively used, not only for improving the nutritional quality of P. sativum, but also for reducing its antinutritional components as dietary protein source for sea bass.

Fish meal (FM) is the major component in fish diets due to its good amino acid profile, high digestibility and palatability. However due to its high demand and limited supply, FM resulted in a massive increase in prices, thus several investigators had to look for alternative plant protein sources for use by the fish growers in aquaculture industry [1-3]. Previous studies in fish had been carried out using plant protein components to partially or completely replace FM in for different fish species owing to its nutritional quality, availability and low cost [4-9].
Numerous studies have described peas as potential dietary protein ingredient in marine fishes and crustaceans such as European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax [10]; blue shrimp, Litopenaeus stylirostris [11]; juvenile pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei [12]; milkfish, Chanos-chanos Forsskal [13]; juvenile tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon [14] and in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar [15]. Francis et al. [18] and Sharma et al. [17] reported the use of grain legumes as feed ingredients is limited due to the presence of trypsin inhibitors (TIA), phytic acid, tannins and saponins which decrease the nutritive value of the legumes, thus reducing food intake and nutrient utilization in animals. In fact, several researchers had advocated the various processing methods such as heat treatment and other physical methods to eliminate the anti-nutritional components in legumes.

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