The word handicap comes from the English word “hand in cap”, which means “hand in hat”. In a bartering of goods between two people, it was necessary to restore an equality of value between what one gave and what one received: thus, the one who received an object of a higher value had to put in a hat a sum of money to restore equity.
According to the Declaration of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, proclaimed by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 9 December 1975, any person who is unable to provide all or part of the necessities of life a normal individual or social life, because of a disability, congenital or not, of his physical or mental abilities.
The British Philip Wood introduced from 1980 a critical conceptual clarification in the definition of disability.
* Impairment, corresponding to the alteration of a psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function;
* Disability, which is a partial or total reduction in the ability to perform an activity normally;
* The disadvantage, consequence of the deficiency or the incapacity on the conditions of social insertion, school or professional. The disadvantage is the result of the interaction between the person with a disability or disability and the environment. Its importance is closely linked to the quality of the environment, which can either minimize it or amplify it.
In case of disability, we talk about activity limitation. Participation refers to the involvement of a person in a real-life situation; in the case of disability, we talk about restriction of participation. The ICIDH (International Classification of Disabilities), developed at the initiative of the World Health Organization, focuses on the positive side of the individual expressed in terms of functioning, the negative side being referred to as the handicap. Any worker struggling with the consequences of occupational deafness should ideally benefit from adequate assessment, workplace adaptation, and social and professional support and rehabilitation services in order to respond to their needs. health, well-being and safety needs. This care should naturally and necessarily exceed the only principles of the logic of compensation.
The I.N.A.I.L. (Italian National Institute for the Insurance of Occupational Diseases and Work Accidents) has renewed the entire model of the old insurance system by “taking care” of the worker through a system that includes the coordination and integration of all types of services, implementing an integrated and comprehensive protection system whose objectives are optimize the privileged protection of the injured worker and / or an occupational disease; provide a comprehensive service that integrates care, assessment, compensation and rehabilitation in a unified and repeated manner; make the person disabled with their family, society and productive activity.
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