Summary
Objective: To identify in the literature review public policies and the impact on violence against women in the period of 12 years of approval of the Maria da Penha Law.
Method: This is a literature review study that sought in secondary sources through bibliographic survey in the databases Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), Medical literature Analysis and Retrieval online (Medline), Nursing Database (BDENF) and Scientific Electronic Library Online(SciELO), which has been published on the impact that Brazilian Public Policies violence against women in the 12-year period of the Maria da Penha Law.
Result: The reading of the 16,000 titles was found after reading, and 59 articles were tracked, and 47 scientific publications were excluded that did not address the theme. Sample was 12 publications that when read and analyzed in the integral, added a final sample of 7 articles related to the impact of public policies to reduce violence against women, in which the 7 articles were selected from the LILACS database, Scielo, Medline, Bdenf.
Considerations: The laws made it possible to gain in the protection of women’s rights, favoring increased complaints, but the achievements do not suffocate the sufficiency conscious to curb aggressions. The reflection that is made of this scenario is that of a fragility in relation to the quality of management in the care of women in situations of violence. The political changes have contributed to the problem taking visibility but still needs solidified advances for better results on prevention and combat affecting.
Keywords: Public policies; Violence; Women; Laws
Introduction
Physical violence means any conduct that offends integrity or body health, with intentional use of force or threat. Violence against women can appear as physical, psychological, sexual, economic and also at work, resulting in suffering, death and giving psychological, and can happen in private and public places [1]. The woman who experiences violence in her life carries visible and invisible marks causing shock in health and physical or psychological disorders, which can culminate in mental health problems, silently affecting overwhelmingly affecting women’s health [2]. The aggressions suffered by women occur within the affective relationships that range from bodily injuries to subjective marks that go beyond physical marks [2].
Feminist groups have been fighting for space in society and politics, ensuring their participation in the fight against violence. Victim of inequality, women have been experiencing the most diverse forms of violence despite advances in coping policies. Since this is a public health theme, in which little has been achieved for changes in statistical indices, the study is a singular experience and that even about the looks of the women’s protection secretariats, no valid and decisive result was found, which justifies the lack of a true solidified recognition in the public space for effective actions of interventions, since it is certain the impacts on the mental and reproductive health of women. Therefore, the study seeks to identify in the literature the impact that Brazilian public policies have had on violence against women since the Maria da Penha law was approved.
Methodology
This is a study with data collection conducted from secondary sources through a bibliographic survey based on which the literature has published on the impact that Public Policies have brought to reduce violence against women. The purpose of a research literature review is to gather knowledge on the topic studied, helping in the foundations of a meaningful study. The integrative review of the literature consists of a systematic research method, with the objective of contributing to the investigated knowledge, provides an investigation that synthesizes and allows general conclusions about a given area of study being the same theme addressed by different studies [3].
This type of review contains six steps: elaboration of the guiding question; search or sampling in the literature; data collection; critical analysis of the included studies; discussion of the results; presentation of the integrative review. The formulation of the guiding question is the most important phase of the review because it will determine which studies will be included, the means adopted for identification and the information collected from each selected study [3], so it was given through the following question: What have scientific publications evidenced about the impact public policy has brought to reduce violence against women?
The search in the literature was carried out in the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval online (Medline), Nursing Database (BDENF) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). The databases were accessed through the Virtual Health Library (VHL). Being used the descriptors and their combinations in the Portuguese language “Brazilian Public Policies” and “violence against women”. This search includes the search in journals and references described in the selected studies. The inclusion criterion were articles published in Portuguese in the form of articles in national journals portrayed the theme referring to integrative review and articles published by and indexed in these databases in the last 12 years. Exclusion criteria were theses, books, editorials, articles that did not respond to the question guiding the themes and duplicate publications. In the third stage it was the definition of the information to be extracted from the selected studies contemplating the identification of the article, year, objective, type methodology, result and conclusion. In the fourth stage, the information analysis was performed, which consists of the evaluation of the cataloged data that based on the incidence of the content and the characteristics present in the selected studies [3]. In the fifth stage presentation of the results, the information of each study that was most relevant to the review. In the sixth stage it was in the presentation of the main results obtained that in turn were analyzed according to the theme of this study.
Results
Data collection was performed from August to October 2018 in databases: BDENF, LILACS, MEDLINE, SCIELO, obtaining 16,000 articles from several journals indexed in the most diverse databases, and only 7 are part of scielo’s databases, MEDLINE , LILACS and BDENF and which is related to the theme under study. After reading the 16,000 titles. Fifty-nine articles were tracked, of which 47 scientific publications were excluded that did not address the theme, which were duplicate articles and that were not available at the time and soon after a new reading was performed in full of the articles. Sample was 12 publications that when read and analyzed in the integral, added a final sample of 7 articles related to the impact of public policies to reduce violence against women, and the 7 articles were selected from the LILACS database, Scielo, Medline, Bdenf (Figure 1).
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