Authored by Kovalenko Igor1*
Abstract
The selection of plants is very long and difficult process, which uses classic methods, such as family-group (individual) and mass selection, hybridization, mutagenesis and others. Modern varieties of agricultural plants have minimal spectrum of genetic variability. For decision this problem modern agrarian science using methods of molecular genetics, most effective is molecular marking. In this paper presents analysis of effectivity of the different molecular markers and using of them perspective in scientific work at Sumy National Agrarian University
Keywords:Plant breeding; Selection; Molecular markers; RAPD; RFLP; AFLP; СAPS; SSR; SCAR; Winter wheat
Abbreviations:SCAR- Sequence Characterized Amplified Region; RAPD- Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA; RFLP- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism; AFLP- Amplified Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism; СAPS- Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences; SSR- Simple Sequence Repeats;
Introduction
Currently, depending on the technique of execution and the characterized part of the genome, there are a large number of different DNA markers: RFLP, AFLP, RAPD, СAPS, SSR, SCAR, SNP, et al. Repeating SINE and LINE sequences can be such a genetic marker. They are retrotransposons or mobile genetic elements that are widely represented in the genomes of the entire eukaryotic kingdom and make up a large portion of genomic DNA (up to half of the plant genome). One of the earlier methods of DNAmarkers getting is Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, also named as RFLP. One of the earlier methods of DNA-markers getting is Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, also named as RFLP. The principle of this method founded on detection of specific nucleotide sequences in genomic DNA, with help of “blothybridization”. This method of analysis is in demand in our days, but in identification and differentiation of plants it has changed by methods, which basing on PCR-amplification of DNA with using of random selected primers, or primers, that compliment to known plots of genomic [1-3].
Discussion
RAPD-markers. One of the most popular types of markers in mapping of plants genomics is RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). The method is in amplification of DNA of object during PCR with random primer, which has length of 10– 11 nucleotides. Method of detection of RAPD-markers is easy by technic execute. If the protocol has optimized, RAPD is convenient, easy and suitable for analyze of plants genomics. The method was used successfully for genome mapping of much agricultures, varieties marking and polymorphism of species. Using of RAPDmethod is especially perspective for genes mapping of quantitative attributes of plants [4,5].
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