Authored by Anna A Voitiuk*
Introduction
According to the World Health Organization, epilepsy is one of the most common diseases of the central nervous system, which affects 0.5 to 2% of the entire population. Epilepsy prevalence in developed countries is 5-10 cases per 1,000 capita. According to the results of population studies conducted in developed countries, the incidence of epilepsy varies from 0.28 to 0.53 per 1,000 capita. There are discrepancies between prevalence and incidence of epilepsy in Europe and Ukraine [1], as well as the heterogeneity of prevalence and incidence of epilepsy in various regions of Ukraine: the prevalence of 4.28 per 1,000 children in Chernivtsi region to 2.47 in Khmelnytsky region [1,2].
Aim
The purpose of the work is to carry out a population-statistical study of epilepsy among children in Kharkov region, Ukraine by registering and comparing the results with national and international indicators.
Materials and Methods
For the study the information from medical documentation was used: outpatient cards, the patient’s clinical record. The primary material was collected by filling in a specially designed epilepsy registration card, as approved reporting forms showing general figures of prevalence, incidence and disability of children with a particular pathology do not give an idea of the etiology, pathogenesis, pathomorphosis of the disease, gender and age composition of patients. Based on the data obtained, a register of patients with paroxysmal conditions was created, which is cumulative for surveillance study. As of 01.01.17, 1301 children were included into the register, which allows monitoring of not only epidemiological, but also clinical, and paraclinical indicators, as well as the effectiveness of treatment and the level of patients’ socialization. However, in this article, we analyze only epidemiological indicators, namely the prevalence and incidence. The data obtained are specified with the help of the reporting forms approved by the Order of the Health Ministry of Ukraine of 10.07.2007 № 378 in agreement with the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine (indicators for forms Nos. 12 and 19). For the comparative analysis, the statistical data of the last 5 years are used.
Kharkiv region is located in the north-east of Ukraine. The area is 31 415 km² (5.2% of the territory of Ukraine). In terms of area, the region occupies the fourth place in Ukraine. The length: from north to south – 210 km, from east to west - 220 km. The population of the region according to the State Statistics Service is 2,715,666 people (6% of the population of Ukraine, the third place in Ukraine), including urban population – 2 180947 people (80.4%), rural population – 534,719 people (19,6%). The population growth is due to the migration increase of 15125 people. Kharkov region is one of the most urbanized in Ukraine. There are 27 districts in Kharkov region (in this indicator the region takes the first place in Ukraine alongside with Vinnytsia region). The number of children’s population of Kharkiv region in 2011 was 415,618 people, 2012 – 413718, 2013 – 416442, 2014 – 418984, 2015 – 422956 [3].
The prevalence of the disease is the number of all reported cases in a given population. The prevalence of epilepsy in Ukraine is 23225 children–3.05‰, exceeding the prevalence of infantile cerebral palsy, neuroinfection.
Result
Kharkiv region ranks 14th among all regions of Ukraine in terms of epilepsy prevalence, the index for Kharkiv region is 3.43 per 1,000 children. The prevalence of epilepsy does not differ between the urban and rural population of Kharkiv region (the average value for 5 years is 3.204 per 1000 capita of both urban and rural children’s population). The prevalence of epilepsy in Kharkiv region and Ukraine for 2011-2015 is presented in Table 1, according to which it can be concluded that the prevalence of epilepsy has increased in the last 2 years (Table 1).
Discussion
The epilepsy prevalence is 4-6 per 1000 capita. Studies conducted in various countries show epilepsy prevalence rates of 1.5 in Japan, 2.3 in Norway per 1000 capita, up to 6.0 in the United Kingdom, and 6.7 in the United States. The prevalence of epilepsy in developing countries is much higher (in some cases, 4-5 times) than in industrialized countries. The epilepsy prevalence in the CIS countries ranged from 1.1 to 5-6 per 1000 capita [1.4].
The official statistics may not correspond to the actual number of patients with epilepsy diagnosis, for instance, in some cases of symptomatic epilepsy it is not recorded statistically, but the underlying disease that led to the development of epilepsy is registered. Another advantage of the register is in the registration of other paroxysmal conditions, for example, febrile seizures, which according to different authors are related to the risk factors of epilepsy development. According to the register data of 2015, febrile convulsions were recorded in 62 children, 53% of which were then transformed into epilepsy. Therefore, the register data can contribute to the early identification of risk factors for epilepsy, monitoring patients and secondary prevention of epilepsy. Morbidity is the incidence of new, first-reported cases of the disease in the population in a particular year.
The incidence of epilepsy in Ukraine among children aged 0-17 years is 0.43 ‰ (3,306 children). According to the incidence of epilepsy among children population (0-17 years), Kharkiv region ranks 17th among all regions of Ukraine [2]. The incidence of epilepsy among children in Kharkov region and Ukraine in 2011- 2015 are presented in Table 2.
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