Authored by Eluozo SN*,
Abstract
The study examined the transport of Shigella in heterogeneous gravel formation, this is to monitored the migration of Shigella in two different ways, monitoring of the contaminants at vertical direction were increase in in concentration with respect to change in depth and monitoring the concentration influenced by variation of gravel porosities, these two dimension were carried out, it was observed that the transport of Shigella in vertical direction experienced exponential growth rate to the optimum level recorded at ninety meters, this can be attributed to deposition of micronutrients that may increase the population rate of Shigella, this increase the concentration of the contaminant to the optimum depth, while that of porosity influences experienced variation of soil consolidation, decrease in porosity where high consolidation is observed experienced high concentration of Shigella, while increase in soil porosity decrease the concentration of Shigella at different location as observed from the study, the predictive values were subjected to model validation, and both parameters developed best fits correlation, the study has express the influenced from variation of soil porosity under fluctuation of soil consolidation in the study. It has also expressed the growth rate of Shigella influenced by variation of micronutrients in the formation; experts will definitely fine this study useful in monitoring and evaluation of microbial transport in soil and water environment. The study is imperative because the previous study monitored the system on the migration rates based on the deposition of microelement that normally increase its population, but present study observed the effect from velocity variation and its rate of deposition as determination factor for the growth rate of the contaminant in the study environment. This implies that the velocity deposition precisely monitors it observation as it become the determination factor for the depositional variation of enteric virus in coarse depositions.
Keywords: Modeling; Transport enteric virus velocity; Coarse deposition
Introduction
The reaction from 1996 Amendments on Safe Drinking Water Act, including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) that are the developer of Ground-Water Rule (GWR). This will always protect users of public ground-water supplies from viral contamination [1-6]. Due the fact that total coliform bacteria are normally applied an indicator of the possibility or probable existence of pathogenic contamination from microbial pathogens, several groundwater suppliers applied the absence of coliform as justification for not disinfecting source water. Despite the inherent complications related with the identification of viruses in water, disease epidemics have been attributed to specific episodes of viral pollution in ground water [3-7]. There has been a suggestion as viral indicators. Coliphages are a bacterial virus that is known to infect the coliform bacterial group. Most of these coliphages that are superficially similar to the enteric viruses, they are known to share symmetrical structures, morphologies, and sizes, they also have similar half-lives in natural waters [8-10]. Some coliphages, precisely infect “male” strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli), or “malespecific” coliphages, they are normally found in human feces, this has been identified in huge numbers in human wastewater [11].
• Outbreaks of viral etiology have been documented in waters that met coliform criteria for drinking purposes [12-16].
• Viruses may be considerably more resilient in the environment than coliforms [17,18].
• The infectious dose of many viral diseases is considerably lower than that observed for enteric bacterial disease [19-21].
Theoretical Backgrounds
Nomenclature:
C = Shigella Concentration
A(x) = void Ratio /Permeability of Soil
B(x) = Velocity of Flow
C-n-[α1x] = void ratio of soil
x = Depth
Transform the above Bernoulli’s Equation to a linear first order DE gives:
Use I.F to Solve (2) above
Hence, the general Solution becomes:
Materials and Method
Standard laboratory experiment where performed to monitor Shigella using the standard method for the experiment at different formation, the soil deposition of the strata were collected in sequences base on the structural deposition of the lithology at different locations, this samples collected at different location generated variations at different depths producing different Shigella concentration through column experiment, from the pressure flow at different strata, the experimental result were compared with the theoretical values for the validation of the model.
Results and Discussion
Results and discussion are presented in tables including graphical representation for Shigella concentration (Tables 1-7).
Table 1: Predictive and experimental values of shigella concentration at different depth.
Table 2: Predictive and experimental values of shigella concentration at different depth.
Table 3: Predictive and experimental values of shigella concentration at different depth.
Table 4: Predictive and experimental values of shigella concentration at different depth.
Table 5: Predictive and experimental values of shigella concentration at different depth.
Table 6: Predictive and experimental values of shigella concentration at different depth.
Table 7:Variation of shigella concentration at different depth.
Figures 1-7 explain the behavior of the system in terms of growth rate of Shigella in heterogeneous grave depositions, the figures experienced linear trend under exponential condition, the transport of the microbes observed increase with respect to depth, but the concentration were observed in different rates, the simulation express the behavior of Shigella migration in gravel deposition, these condition were expressed from various figures as it explained the influence of heterogeneous structure of the formation to be insignificant from the observed effect on the rate of concentration, because it express linear growth rate to the optimum depth, increase in concentration with respect to increase in depth were observed from all the figures, the experimental values compared favorably well with the predictive values, the optimum rate of concentration recorded at ninety meters, but the rate of concentration varies based on the porosity depositions of gravel in the study location, figure seven observed the rate of porosity variation with respect to variation of concentration in different depositions and locations, the figure experienced consolidation of porosity variation in the lithe structures of the formation, thus the concentration observed increase at high consolidation of the porosity, but suddenly decrease in concentration were it experienced decrease in consolidation thus high increase in porosity of the formation. The figure explained the influenced from soil porosity in various deposition of the formation.
Conclusion
The study expresses the effect of porosities in various depositions of gravel, the transport of Shigella were monitored to determine the effect of porosity on the deposition and transport of the microbes in such heterogeneous gravel formation. The study expresses the variation of soil porosity in different condition monitored in the system, the transport rate was from three to ninety meters depth, linear trend was observed in the study, but with different concentration. Monitoring the effect of porosity on the migration of Shigella on variation of porosity with respect to concentration is based on the rate of the formation consolidation. decrease in soil porosity generated higher concentration at three meters, but when the porosity of the soil experienced decrease in it consolidation thus high porosity, decrease in concentration were observed, despite exponential growth rate were the optimum concentration were recorded at ninety meters, when the concentration were monitored in terms of variation influences of porosity, the concentration experienced lower concentration recorded at [0.40] while the highest concentration were observed at porosity rate of [0.23] these has explained the behavior of the transport in two dimension increase in concentration based on increase in depth, this could be attribute to deposition of micronutrients, while high to low concentration are based on the influences from variation of soil porosity in gravel depositions. The study has expressed the behavior of Shigella in terms of transport were micronutrient are deposited, it has also explained the influenced from variation of soil porosity in Shigella depositions on gravel formations.
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